METHYLENE BLUE is widely used in various industrial branches. Due to insufficient treatment, its occurrence in wastewater is frequently detected, which may result in serious environment problems to aquatic organisms.Hydroponic experiments were conducted with rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) exposed to METHYLENE BLUE to determine the effective concentration using relative growth rate and water use efficiency as response endpoints.Results showed that acute toxicity of METHYLENE BLUE to rice seedlings was evident. Although a linear decrease in relative growth rate and water use efficiency was observed in rice seedlings with increasing METHYLENE BLUE concentrations, relative growth rate of rice seedlings was more sensitive to change of METHYLENE BLUE than water use efficiency. Using non-linear regression, EC-48 h values for 10%, 20% and 50% inhibition of the relative growth rate were estimated to be 1.54, 3.22 and 10.13 mg MB/L for rice seedlings exposed to METHYLENE BLUE, respectively, while smaller EC were obtained for 96 h exposure. In conclusion, the toxic response of young rice seedlings to METHYLENE BLUE is obvious and inhibitory effects are highly dependent on response endpoints and the duration of exposure period.

Introduction: Administration of METHYLENE BLUE has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of vasopelgic shock following cardiac surgery. Major aims of this systematic review were to evaluate the effect of METHYLENE BLUE on mortality rate, duration of vasoplegic syndrome, and further complications of patients with vasoplegic syndrome following cardiac surgery.Methods: PubMed was searched to obtain the most relevant articles. All the randomized control trials and cohort studies were included.Result: A total of 54 articles were retrieved at the initial search. After studying the titles, abstracts, and full text of the articles, only five articles consisted of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two observational studies were included.Discussion: Based on included RCTs, the mortality rate and duration of the disease decreased in patients applied METHYLENE BLUE in the treatment of vasoplegic syndrome compared with those did not receive this medication.Conclusions: Bbased on included articles, application of METHYLENE BLUE could be suggested as a treatment for vasoplegic syndrome, but further large multicenter RCTs are needed to certainly evaluate the efficacy of METHYLENE BLUE.

In this work, we developed an eco-friendly material to apply in the wastewater treatment operation. This copolymer was prepared from carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) modified with acrylamide (AM) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). It was characterized using FTIR spectrometry, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA/DTG) and diffraction of X-ray (XRD). CMC-AM-NVP copolymer properties as an adsorbent of METHYLENE BLUE (MB) dye were investigated. Influencing parameters on the removal process were also studied. It was found that the adsorption of MB dye on CMC-AM-NVP copolymer can be described by the pseudo-second order equation. Equilibrium data was modeled by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. Langmuir isotherm model provides the best fit to represent the adsorption of MB on the CMC-AM-NVP copolymer within R2 equal 0.999. The dye elimination efficiency on the copolymer reached 99.4%.According to these tests, CMC-AM-NVP was found to be promising candidates for efficient removal of METHYLENE BLUE; therefore, we can conclude that the addition of NVP to the copolymer has a clear improvement in the adsorption process.